| 我国模具工业近年来发展很快，从1996~2002年间，我国模具制造业的产值年均增长14%左右，2003年增长25%左右，达到450亿元人民 币，约合50亿美元，位居世界第三。但是就我国模具行业的现状看，产品结构不尽合理，大多数产品都是低值产品，而技术含量高的模具仍需进口，2002年我 国进口模具12.72亿美元，这说明我国模具工业虽然发展迅速，但与需求相比，仍然供不应求，主要缺口是在精密、大型、复杂、长寿命模具方面。中国模具工 业协会的有关专家对我国模具生产和使用实况做了这样的描述：从数量上讲，我国模具产值已经位居世界第三，是发展很快，但许多问题值得关注。一、模具总量供 不应求，国内自配率只有70%，其中中低模具供过于求，中高档模具自配率只有50%；二、企业组织结构、产品结构、技术结构和进出口结构不尽合理，模具生 产和制造，一直没有形成产业，模具只是作为辅助工种，在企业中存在，生产方式又是以有经验和技术的钳工师傅为主导，他们借助一些机床进行简单的模具生产和 制造，模具生产厂点中多数是自产自配的模具车间或分厂，自产自配的比例高达60%，而在国外70%以上是商品模具；三、模具开发能力差，经济效益欠佳，我 国每个职工年均创模具产值1万美元，而国外模具发达国家人均产值20万~30万美元；四、在汽车工业比较发达的国家，模具用于汽车生产的占 50%~60%，而我国不足30%，在模具使用合理性方面还有待提高。 Developing rapidly in recent years, mould industry in China from 1996 to 2002, die and mould industry in our country's GDP grew by an average of 14%, rising to 25% in 2003, 45 billion yuan renminbi, or about $5 billion, the third largest in the world. But as far as the present situation of the mould industry in our country, the product structure is unreasonable, most products are low value products, and high technical content of the mold still need to be imported, imported mould I countries $2002 in 1.272 billion, although our country mold industry is developing rapidly, but compared with the demand, still in short supply, the gap is mainly in precision, large, complex, long-life mold. China mold and die industry association experts to our country mold production and use of the live made such description: from quantity, mould production in China is the third largest in the world, is developing rapidly, but many problems worthy of attention. One, the total amount of the die should not be asked, the domestic self-matching rate is only 70%, the middle and low molds supply exceeds the demand, and the medium and high grade mould self-matching rate is only 50%. Second, the enterprise organization structure, product structure, technological structure and import and export structure is unreasonable, mold production and manufacturing, has not formed industry, mould only as auxiliary work, in the enterprise exists, the mode of production is dominated by has experience and technology of the bench, his master, they use some simple mould manufacturing and production machine tool, mold factory point most is produced with the mold shop or factory, produced with the proportion is as high as 60%, while in a foreign country is more than 70% commodity mould; Three, mould development ability is poor, poor economic benefit, I countries every worker average mold production value $10000, while foreign mould developed countries per capita output value of 200000 ~ 300000 dollars; Four, in more developed countries of automobile industry, the mould used in automobile production accounted for 50% ~ 60%, and less than 30% in our country, in the mold use reasonableness needs to be improved. |