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简述模具材料选择的方向
模具是一种重要的工艺装备，其使用性能的好坏，寿命的高低，直接影响一个企业产品的质量，更新换代的速度，技术经济效益和产品在市场上的竞争能力。
Die is an important process equipment. Its performance and service life directly affect the quality of an enterprise's products, the speed of renewal, technical and economic benefits and the competitiveness of products in the market.
1．耐磨性坯料在模具型腔中塑性变性时，沿型腔表面既流动又滑动，使型腔表面与坯料间产生剧烈的摩擦，从而导致模具因磨损而失效。所以材料的耐磨性是模具最基本、最重要的性能之一。硬度是影响耐磨性的主要因素。一般情况下，模具锻件的硬度越高，磨损量越小，耐磨性也越好。另外，耐磨性还与材料中碳化物的种类、数量、形态、大小及分布有关。
1. When the abrasion-resistant blank is plastic denatured in the die cavity, it flows and slides along the surface of the die cavity, resulting in severe friction between the surface of the die cavity and the blank, which leads to the failure of the die due to wear. Therefore, the wear resistance of materials is one of the most basic and important properties of dies. Hardness is the main factor affecting wear resistance. Under normal circumstances, the higher the hardness of the die forging, the smaller the wear volume and the better wear resistance. In addition, the wear resistance is also related to the type, quantity, shape, size and distribution of carbide in the material.
2．强韧性模具的工作条件大多十分恶劣，有些常承受较大的冲击负荷，从而导致脆性断裂。为防止模具锻件在工作时突然脆断，模具要具有较高的强度和韧性。模具的韧性主要取决于材料的含碳量、晶粒度及组织状态。
2. The working conditions of the strong and tough dies are mostly very bad, and some of them often bear large impact load, which leads to brittle fracture. In order to prevent crisp breakage of die forgings at work, the die must have higher strength and toughness. The toughness of the mold depends mainly on the carbon content, grain size and microstructure of the material.
3．疲劳断裂性能模具工作过程中，在循环应力的长期作用下，往往导致疲劳断裂。六角护坡塑料模具提示其形式有小能量多次冲击疲劳断裂、拉伸疲劳断裂接触疲劳断裂及弯曲疲劳断裂。模具的疲劳断裂性能主要取决于其强度、韧性、硬度、以及材料中夹杂物的含量。
3. Fatigue fracture often occurs during the working process of the fatigue fracture performance die under the long-term cyclic stress. Hexagonal slope protection plastic mold indicates that it has low energy multiple impact fatigue fracture, tensile fatigue fracture, contact fatigue fracture and bending fatigue fracture. The fatigue fracture performance of the die mainly depends on its strength, toughness, hardness and inclusion content in the material.
4．高温性能当模具的工作温度较高进，会使硬度和强度下降，导致模具早期磨损或产生塑性变形而失效。因此，模具材料应具有较高的抗回火稳定性，以保证模具在工作温度下，具有较高的硬度和强度。
4. When the working temperature of the die is higher, the hardness and strength will decrease, leading to early wear or plastic deformation of the die and failure. Therefore, the die material should have high temper resistance stability to ensure that the die has high hardness and strength at working temperature.
5.耐冷热疲劳性能有些模具在工作过程中处于反复加热和冷却的状态，使型腔表面受拉、压力变应力的作用，引起表面龟裂和剥落，增大摩擦力，阻碍塑性变形，降低了尺寸精度，从而导致模具失效。
5. The cold and thermal fatigue resistance of some dies is in the state of repeated heating and cooling in the working process, which causes surface cracking and peeling, increases friction force, hinders plastic deformation, reduces dimensional accuracy, and leads to die failure.
6．耐蚀性有些模具如塑料模在工作时，由于塑料中存在氯、氟等元素，受热后分解析出HCI、HF等强侵蚀性气体，侵蚀模具型腔表面，加大其表面粗糙度，加剧磨损失效。
6. Corrosion resistance of some moulds such as plastic moulds in work, due to the presence of chlorine, fluorine and other elements in the plastic, decompose and precipitate HCI, HF and other strong corrosive gases after heating, erode the surface of the mould cavity, increase its surface roughness, and aggravate wear failure.
Die is an important process equipment. Its performance and service life directly affect the quality of an enterprise's products, the speed of renewal, technical and economic benefits and the competitiveness of products in the market.
1．耐磨性坯料在模具型腔中塑性变性时，沿型腔表面既流动又滑动，使型腔表面与坯料间产生剧烈的摩擦，从而导致模具因磨损而失效。所以材料的耐磨性是模具最基本、最重要的性能之一。硬度是影响耐磨性的主要因素。一般情况下，模具锻件的硬度越高，磨损量越小，耐磨性也越好。另外，耐磨性还与材料中碳化物的种类、数量、形态、大小及分布有关。
1. When the abrasion-resistant blank is plastic denatured in the die cavity, it flows and slides along the surface of the die cavity, resulting in severe friction between the surface of the die cavity and the blank, which leads to the failure of the die due to wear. Therefore, the wear resistance of materials is one of the most basic and important properties of dies. Hardness is the main factor affecting wear resistance. Under normal circumstances, the higher the hardness of the die forging, the smaller the wear volume and the better wear resistance. In addition, the wear resistance is also related to the type, quantity, shape, size and distribution of carbide in the material.
2．强韧性模具的工作条件大多十分恶劣，有些常承受较大的冲击负荷，从而导致脆性断裂。为防止模具锻件在工作时突然脆断，模具要具有较高的强度和韧性。模具的韧性主要取决于材料的含碳量、晶粒度及组织状态。
2. The working conditions of the strong and tough dies are mostly very bad, and some of them often bear large impact load, which leads to brittle fracture. In order to prevent crisp breakage of die forgings at work, the die must have higher strength and toughness. The toughness of the mold depends mainly on the carbon content, grain size and microstructure of the material.
3．疲劳断裂性能模具工作过程中，在循环应力的长期作用下，往往导致疲劳断裂。六角护坡塑料模具提示其形式有小能量多次冲击疲劳断裂、拉伸疲劳断裂接触疲劳断裂及弯曲疲劳断裂。模具的疲劳断裂性能主要取决于其强度、韧性、硬度、以及材料中夹杂物的含量。
3. Fatigue fracture often occurs during the working process of the fatigue fracture performance die under the long-term cyclic stress. Hexagonal slope protection plastic mold indicates that it has low energy multiple impact fatigue fracture, tensile fatigue fracture, contact fatigue fracture and bending fatigue fracture. The fatigue fracture performance of the die mainly depends on its strength, toughness, hardness and inclusion content in the material.
4．高温性能当模具的工作温度较高进，会使硬度和强度下降，导致模具早期磨损或产生塑性变形而失效。因此，模具材料应具有较高的抗回火稳定性，以保证模具在工作温度下，具有较高的硬度和强度。
4. When the working temperature of the die is higher, the hardness and strength will decrease, leading to early wear or plastic deformation of the die and failure. Therefore, the die material should have high temper resistance stability to ensure that the die has high hardness and strength at working temperature.
5.耐冷热疲劳性能有些模具在工作过程中处于反复加热和冷却的状态，使型腔表面受拉、压力变应力的作用，引起表面龟裂和剥落，增大摩擦力，阻碍塑性变形，降低了尺寸精度，从而导致模具失效。
5. The cold and thermal fatigue resistance of some dies is in the state of repeated heating and cooling in the working process, which causes surface cracking and peeling, increases friction force, hinders plastic deformation, reduces dimensional accuracy, and leads to die failure.
6．耐蚀性有些模具如塑料模在工作时，由于塑料中存在氯、氟等元素，受热后分解析出HCI、HF等强侵蚀性气体，侵蚀模具型腔表面，加大其表面粗糙度，加剧磨损失效。
6. Corrosion resistance of some moulds such as plastic moulds in work, due to the presence of chlorine, fluorine and other elements in the plastic, decompose and precipitate HCI, HF and other strong corrosive gases after heating, erode the surface of the mould cavity, increase its surface roughness, and aggravate wear failure.
